uphold the objection of the defence counsel and direct the
witness not to answer the question . The prosecuting coun sel
statement (sic) rephrase his question ."
It is the above ruling that brought about this appeal.
I must state right away that the ruling of the learned trial magistrate
court is a clear statement of the law . It stands . I need only to say that
re-examination is not an opportunity to reopen a party' s evidence . It is
certainly not an opportun ity to any w it ness to attempt to interprete or
explain the content of a docume nt wh ich has been received in evidence
and marked as an exhib it . Th e age long legal aph orism is that document
speaks for itself. For emphas is sake, ora l eviden ce is in adm issible either
to add to or to substrate fro m the contents of a document . See
Berende .V. Usman (2005} 14 NWLR (pt 944 ) 1; also Bongo .V. Govt . of
Adamawa State & Ors (2013} 2 NW LR (pt 1339} 403 .
From the trend of questions and answers, it is clear that the PW!
admitted that Exhs "Cl" and "C2" were made in his name. PWl even
tried to offer explanation that though the documents were in his name
but that it was the defendant that paid for the drugs . That is clear
implication of his answer when he said that :
"The rece ipts were given to the defendant because he paid for the
drugs .
It is my name that is written on them ."
8
,