malpractices, illegal arms deal, smuggling, human trafficking and child labour, illegal oil bunkering and illegal mining, tax evasion, foreign exchange malpractices, including counterfeiting of currency, theft of intellectual property and piracy, open market abuse, dumping of toxic wastes and prohibited goods etc.” The above definition in my view, does not presume to be comprehensive, nor is it able to cover all conduct that can be imaginably conceived as economic or financial crime. By and large, the key element in these concepts include the fact that both economic and financial crimes involve a sort of law breaking and thus such conduct must be criminalized by law, it is therefore a crime. The second element is the fact that the action in whole or in part is intended to gain some benefits. The third and perhaps, the final one is the fact that the act involves concealment or disguising the true origin, ownership, purpose and movement of the persons and instrumentalities involved in it. Now having defined and x-rayed the various components of economic and financial crimes, let me consider the offence with which the Respondent was arraigned and subjected to trial at the lower Court. The relevant charge is on page 1 of the record and it read as follows: “That you SENATOR UMAR TAFIDA while being the chairman of Hijrah Textiles Company Limited and Hijrah Investment limited sometimes between 2016 and 2017 at Sokoto within Sokoto Judicial Division of the High Court of Justice of Sokoto State being entrusted with the total sum of CA/S/114C/2022 Page 10